For the purposes of this debate, there are two broad directions of approaching cultural difference.
Cultural incomprehensibility emphasizes difference and cultural particularity, assuming that cultures are grounded in fundamentally different worldviews, value systems, etc. Under this view, cultural outsiders can never fully understand another culture.
On the other hand, cultural comprehensibility highlights cross-cultural commonalities, assuming that cultures share underlying patterns of reasoning, emotion, and social organization. Under this view, it is possible for cultural outsiders to fully interpret and understand another culture.